Linux X Windows Client
Posted : admin On 9/24/2019- Install X Windows Linux
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Windows 10’s Bash shell doesn’t officially support graphical Linux desktop applications. Microsoft says this feature is designed only for developers who want to run Linux terminal utilities. But the underlying “Windows Subsystem for Linux” is more powerful than Microsoft lets on.
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It is possible to run graphical Linux applications in Windows 10, but bear in mind that it isn’t officially supported. Not every piece of Linux software works, and graphical applications are even more complex and less tested. But these should become more stable over time as Microsoft improves the underlying Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Aug 19, 2009 You may have the relationship between X server and X client reversed. The X client is the program that is running on the remote computer. The X server is the local terminal. You need to run an X server on the XP computer because it is the terminal. One free X server is Cygwin/X which will also install a Unix like system running on the Windows kernel.
Windows 10’s Bash shell only supports 64-bit binaries, so you can’t install and run 32-bit Linux software.
How This Works
First, let’s run down exactly how this works so you can have some understanding of what we’re doing here.
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Windows 10 includes an underlying “Windows Subsystem for Linux” that allows Windows 10 to run Linux software by translating Linux system calls to Windows system calls.
When you run a Linux distribution like Ubuntu, it downloads and installs a complete Ubuntu user space image on your computer. This includes the exact same binaries–or applications–that would run on Ubuntu. That “Bash on Ubuntu on Windows” environment works thanks to the underlying Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Microsoft doesn’t want to spend any time working on graphical software, as this feature is intended for command-line developer tools. But the main technical reason that graphical applications aren’t supported is that they require an “X server” to provide that graphical interface. On a typical Linux desktop, that “X server” automatically appears when you boot your computer and it renders the entire desktop and the applications you use.
But try opening a graphical application from Bash on Windows, though, and it will complain that it can’t open a display.
There are X server applications you can install on a Windows desktop, however. Typically, these are used to render Linux applications running on other computers–the “X11” protocol is rather old and was designed with the ability run over a network connection.
If you install an X server application on your Windows desktop and change a setting in the Bash shell, applications will send their graphical output to the X server application and they’ll appear on your Windows desktop. Everything should work fine, assuming those applications don’t depend on Linux system calls that the Windows Subsystem for Linux doesn’t yet support.
Step One: Install an X Server
There are several different X servers you could install on Windows, but we recommend Xming. Download it and install it on your Windows 10 PC.
The installation process is simple: You can just accept the default settings. It will then automatically launch and run in your system tray, waiting for you to run graphical programs.
Step Two: Install the Program
RELATED:How to Install Linux Software in Windows 10’s Ubuntu Bash Shell
You can install graphical Linux desktop programs like you can any other program, using the apt-get command in the Ubuntu-based Bash environment. For example, let’s say you’d want to install the graphical, GTK-based vim editor. You’d run the following command in the Bash window:
It will go through the installation process in the command line window, just like it does on Ubuntu.
Step Three: Set Your Display Environment Variable
Now, you’ll need to set the “DISPLAY” environment variable to point at the X server running on your Windows 10 PC. If you don’t do this, graphical applications will simply fail to launch.
To do this, run the following command in the Bash environment:
This setting only applies to your current Bash session. If you close the window, Bash will forget it. You’ll have to run this command each time you reopen Bash and want to run a graphical application.
Step Four: Launch an Application
You can now just launch a graphical application by typing the name of its executable, like you’d type any other command. For example, to launch vim-gtk, you’d run:
It’s that simple. If the application crashes after launching, the Linux system calls it requires may not be supported by the Windows Subsystem for Linux. There’s not much you can do about this. But give it a shot, and you may find that the apps you need work decently well!
You can also combine the third and fourth steps, if you like. Rather than exporting the DISPLAY variable once for an entire Bash shell session, you’d just run a graphical application with the following command:
For example, to launch gvim, you’d run:
Remember, this isn’t officially supported, so you may run into errors with more complex applications. A virtual machine is a more reliable solution for running many graphical Linux desktop applications on Windows 10, but this is a neat solution for some of the simpler stuff.
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I have an Ubuntu server (12.04 LTS) running remotely on a cloud hosting service. I have installed ubuntu-desktop via apt-get:
It appears to have installed no problem.
I have confirmed that /etc/ssh/ssh_config on the server contains the lines
and that /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the server contains the line:
I then rebooted the server. It came back up no problem.
Now, starting X11.app on my Mac I am presented with an Xterm.
I connect to my server from this terminal using:
and I connect to the server, no problem.
At this point I don't know what to do. I have tried
but I get a 'no screens found' error.
I don't have screens because its a headless cloud server, but I just want to acces it from my Mac through X.
What now?
Eliah Kagan3 Answers
There are several methods to accomplished that, depending of what you really need to do.
In order to forward remote apps to local X environment, you need to install X11 on your Mac (you can find it at apple support site): http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1605?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US
From the X11 app, open the terminal, and then access the remote host with:
Install X Windows Linux
Then, when logged, simply run the command for the desired app, ex: firefox, nautilus, thunderbird, whatever..
You can even launch only the system (Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Mint, etc.) Main Menu, and interact with the remote system from there, without the need of a full graphical front-end. On a remote Linux Mint env, i simply run:
If you really need it, you can even start the remote graphical environment locally at your Mac's X11, simply running:
Better than any VNC, even better than an X11VNC connection! Secured and compressed connection FTW.
On your Mac, you'll need to install XQuartz, if you haven't done so already (see http://xquartz.macosforge.org). Once that's installed, reboot and open an XQuartz terminal window and SSH to your Ubuntu Server system:
If lightdm is running (see https://askubuntu.com/a/153423/66799 to read how turn it on and off as needed), run this command to get Ubuntu Unity tunnelled to your Mac over X11:
This works for me with Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS and Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.2, but I do get occasional Composiz errors. That said, I always got Composiz errors when running Ubuntu Desktop locally, too. (-:
You can log out of Unity to close the Ubuntu Desktop windows.
You have the right idea but the wrong syntax :)
startx will not start over an ssh like that because it needs a screen (aka X server to talk to)
try this command to start the desktop gui
this will start the desktop environment.
disconnect.
Linux X Windows Client Login
and try
note did not test above line
Linux X Windows Client Download
If everything works fine you should see the ubuntu file manager popup. If not you may be missing some librarys or the syntax of the command is wrong (of the top of my head didn't try it).
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